> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ase.lucianvilcea.ro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ase.lucianvilcea.ro/home/programare-orientata-obiect/recapitulare-c++/images-and-media.md).

# Tipuri de date primitive

C++ este un limbaj strongly-typed, adică fiecare variabilă poate reține doar valori de un anumit tip. De exemplu, nu poți reține valori întregi decât în tipuri de date destinate valorilor întregi. Din acest motiv, alegerea corectă a tipurilor de variabile necesare prelucrării datelor cu care lucrează programul face diferența dintre un program eficient și unul care consumă resurse inutil. 

**Tipurile fundamentale** de date (numite deseori și **tipuri primitive**) sunt construite direct în limbaj și pot reține valori de bază pe care le poți stoca: numere întregi, numere reale, caractere sau valori de adevăr.

### Tipuri întregi

Tipurile de date întregi pot stoca valori numerice care nu au o parte zecimală. Acestea sunt de două tipuri: 

* `signed` - pot reține valori negative
* `unsigned` - rețin doar valori pozitive

<table><thead><tr><th width="177">Tip</th><th width="208">Dimensiune</th><th width="363">Interval</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>short</code></td><td>2</td><td>-32,768 la 32,767</td></tr><tr><td><code>int</code></td><td>4</td><td>-2,147,483,648 la 2,147,483,647</td></tr><tr><td><code>long</code></td><td>4 (32 bits) sau 8 (64 bits)</td><td>Similar cu <code>int</code> (32 bits) sau <code>long long</code> (64 bits)</td></tr><tr><td><code>long long</code></td><td>8</td><td>-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 la 9,223,372,036,854,775,807</td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned short</code></td><td>2</td><td>0 la 65,535</td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned int</code></td><td>4</td><td>0 la 4,294,967,295</td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned long</code></td><td>4 (32 bits) sau 8 (64 bits)</td><td>Similar cu <code>unsigned int</code> (32 bits) sau <code>unsigned long long</code> (64 bits)</td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned long long</code></td><td>8</td><td>0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615</td></tr></tbody></table>

### Tipuri reale

Spre deosebire de tipurile întregi, tipurile reale nu permit stocarea de valori `unsigned`.&#x20;

<table><thead><tr><th width="177">Tip</th><th width="208">Dimensiune</th><th width="363">Interval</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>float</code></td><td>4</td><td>±3.4 × 10³⁸ (6-7 zecimale)</td></tr><tr><td><code>double</code></td><td>8</td><td>±1.7 × 10³⁰⁸ (15-16 zecimale)</td></tr><tr><td><code>long double</code> </td><td>8</td><td>Similar cu <code>double</code></td></tr></tbody></table>

### Tipuri caracter

Tipurile caracter permit stocarea textului.

<table><thead><tr><th width="177">Tip</th><th width="208">Dimensiune</th><th width="363">Interval</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>char</code></td><td>1</td><td>-128 la 127</td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned char</code> </td><td>1</td><td>0 la 255</td></tr></tbody></table>

### Tipul boolean

Tipul `bool` poate reține doar valori de adevăr (adevărat/fals).

<table><thead><tr><th width="177">Tip</th><th width="208">Dimensiune</th><th width="363">Interval</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>bool</code></td><td>1</td><td><code>true</code> sau <code>false</code></td></tr></tbody></table>

Sursa: <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/data-type-ranges?view=msvc-170>


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